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Republic of Tunisia

Green Tunisia is one of the most beautiful of Arab States, its official name the republic of Tunisia, located in the continent of Africa on the Mediterranean coast, and is characterized Bmdnha wonderful historical background and the broad view of the passage of many different civilizations on them.

Lie Tunisia in the arms of each of the sisters two Arab Libya and Algeria, and is characterized by political and social stability, in addition to its cultural and civilizational, and multiple cultural and artistic festivals which are held by, as replete with Tunisia, many of the attractions which attract a large number of tourists who flock to the country to explore the monuments of historical and enjoy the beaches along the coast of Tunisia, and beautiful landscapes.

Site

Fall of the republic of Tunisia, in North Africa bounded on the north and north-eastern Mediterranean Sea, and shares its eastern border in the south with Libya to the west and south-west Algeria, and is separated from the island of Sicily Bntlria corridor.

General information about Tunisia

Area: total area of ​​163.610 km 2 Tunisia.

Population: a population of about 10,175,014 people.

Capital: Tunis

Language: Official language is Arabic, and French.


Currency: Tunisian dinar

Religion: Religion is the country's main Islamic, in addition to Christianity and Judaism.

Aspects of the surface

Can be divided into Tunisia from the north to the south to the four areas of topography: in the north, cutting the state some bumps low-rise of the Atlas Mountains of the hill in the direction south-west to north-east of the country where the average altitude between 610 to 1.520 meters, and spread the valleys and fertile plains around the mountains in this region, to the south disclose mountains plateau with an altitude of about 610 meters, and to the south more descend the plateau gradually toward a series of "Ctoot" low (lakes, salt) extends from east to west across the state, and is located many of these lakes below sea level, in the south bordering the Sahara Ctoot which account for approximately 40% of the land area of ​​Tunisia, Tunis, and the only river is the "Valley of the abstract," which passes north of Tunisia from the west to the east and flows into the Gulf of Tunis.

Climate

There is the area north of Tunisia climate Sea average moderate, and as we head southward increase climate heat and drought, and temperatures range between 11 degrees in January and 26 degrees in July, and the rate of rainfall annually about (24 inches), but the rate varies from year to year, and under the northern areas of the rainy season from October to May, and lower annual rainfall as we head south, where about (7 inch) only in the desert.

Regime

Tunisia gained its independence on March 20, 1956, and the republican system of government, and the president will take office in addition to the post of prime minister, is elected for five years and can be re-elected for three consecutive times.

Was declared a republic in the country on July 25, 1957, and in 1959 was the announcement of a new democratic constitution for the country recognizes the freedom of opinion and expression and the press, publication, assembly and association.

And political institutions in Tunisia, the House of Representatives are elected members elected by direct every five years, and the State Council is composed of two bodies are the Administrative Court and the Department of Accounting, and devices is also important to the state Economic and Social Council, an advisory body to contribute to the dialogue and consultation between the various state agencies about the government's policy economic, social, and the Constitutional Council and starts an opinion on the compatibility of draft laws to the provisions of the Constitution. See the Supreme Islamic Council in matters related to religion and jurisprudence and social aspects.

The head of state Tunisian President Habib Bourguiba, the first president of the country after the proclamation of the republic in 1959 - and even in 1987, then took over the presidency after the current President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, who was re-elected again in the presidential elections were in 1994, and also in 1999, and 2004.

Tunisia has many political parties including: the RCD, the MDS, the Renewal Movement, the Social Liberal Party, the Popular Unity Party, the Unionist Democratic Union, Democratic Party, the Progressive Democratic Forum for Labour and Freedoms, Green Party for Progress.

History

Tunisia is characterized by broad history which dates back more than three
[Anthony pools]
Anthony Pools
Thousand years, went through many important events which have left a significant impact upon, and the Berbers are the indigenous people of Tunisia, before migrating Phoenicians to it and who founded the city of Carthage in 814 BC. M, and the result of competition continued between the city of Carthage and the city of Rome is the capital Empire ROMANIAN over control of the Mediterranean basin and signed many wars, including in the period between 264 BC. AD - 146 BC. m, and ended this war to destroy Carthage and falling into the hands of Roman rule, Tunisia has seen under Roman rule the stage of prosperity, then the country was hit by During the fifth and sixth centuries AD campaigns to attack the Vandals and the Byzantines.

In the mid-seventeenth century moved Tunisia for a new phase when the income of the Islamic conquest was the spread of Islam in the cities of Tunisia from the city of Kairouan, this historic city by the Arab leader a bin Nafi founded, and made it the capital of Africa, rolled after the ruling families of Tunisia in the year 800 M, Ibrahim bin mostly established state Aghlabid, which continued its rule of Tunisia for two continuous, marked the reign of Aghlabid prosperity and prosperity of the country both in terms of economic or cultural, were built many monuments Tunisian important, and which still retain their beauty and value of cultural heritage, even the current era, which many of the large mosques such as the Mosque of Kairouan and the Zaytuna Mosque, which is a great beacon of Islamic University of Tunis and the important scientific in the modern era.

And then came after the era of the Fatimid dynasty which was founded in 918 AD at the hands of Abd Allah al-Mahdi who built the city of Mahdia and has taken his capital, and then the Almohads unification of North Africa and Andalusia, and comes after the state Hafsid in the thirteenth century AD, the country witnessed in this period a great upswing.

Underwent Tunisia under Ottoman rule in 1574 AD, and became a subsidiary of the Ottoman succession, then the state was established in 1705 in Husseiniya m at the hands of Hussein bin Ali, who has independence from the Ottoman Empire.

In 1881 troops overran the French Tunisia and imposed a French protectorate under the Treaty of Bardo and Tunisia started a new phase of resistance and try to liberation from French colonialism, Vtasst many movements for the anti-colonialism, including the movement of young Tunisian (Tunisia girl), and a group of national Tunisian led by Abdul Aziz Thaalbi founded the Constitution Party, and was established Constitutional Party Tunisian free, where he led the people to resist French colonialism, and featured many of the national resistance movements which emerged in the forefront of the late President Habib Bourguiba and other patriots who launched many of the movements of armed resistance against the forces of French colonialism, entered on the impact of the French government in recognition of the negotiations was the outcome of the independence of Tunisia in France March 20, 1956, was elected President Habib Bourguiba as president in 1957, and came after him, the current President of Tunisia Zine El Abidine Ben Ali.

Cities and tourism

Tunisia is famous for many of the beautiful city that is rich with many cultural attractions and a choice of
[Zaytuna Mosque]
Zaytuna Mosque
Monuments of nature, and heritage features of archaeological, where a factor of attraction for many tourists and most of the Europeans because of the proximity of Tunisia from the European continent and other many tourists from different countries, and Tourism in Tunisia, a key element in the Tunisian economy, where people flock every year about more than six million visitors .

Advantage of Tunisia coastline wonderful, which extends in the north and north-east of the country, where occupies a number of cities in Tunisia Tunisian coast mention of these cities of Tunis, Hammamet, Mahdia, Sousse, Monastir, Bizerte, Tabarka, and we will pass on a quick tour of some cities in Tunisia to disclose some of the wonderful features:

In the forefront of Tunisian cities city "Tunisia" capital one of the largest cities in the republic of Tunisia and the cultural center and the country's political, and the most prominent landmarks Mosque Zaytuna this whole great, which is a beacon of Islamic and Islamic university long has published science and out of the thousands of scientists, in addition to its cultural value, it is an architectural masterpiece also one of Islamic monuments important in Tunisia, as characterized by Tunisia with a large number of museums including the Museum of Bardo National, which includes the largest collection of Roman mosaics in the world, the Museum of Arts and folk customs in the Medina heart of the capital, a city characterized by its markets and architecture unique which made UNESCO include them within the World Heritage humanitarian law, the National Museum of Islamic Art, the Museum of coins, Slambo Museum, and many other famous museums in Tunisia.

[Theatre of Carthage]
Theatre of Carthage
The City, "Carthage" beauty and the effects of which vary between the Romanian and the Christian and Islamic, to occupies a center of excellence center of Tunisian cities, characterized by Carthage with many of the means of attractions, including: Plateau Persa as contained in the museums and places of archaeological such as the Museum of Carthage National, which has raised three periods are important are period Phoenician Greek, Romanian African, Arab-Islamic, and other archaeological sites such as: neighborhood Magon, ports, Punic, the Temple of Tanit, Theatre, Odeon Romanian, Museum of Early Christian, the Church of Damous Alchrith, bathrooms Anthony, Theatre of Carthage archaeological and which is held by one of the most prestigious festivals art that are held annually.

In addition to a number of other beautiful cities such as: the city of "Kairouan" of this historic city, which was built by the Arab leader a bin Nafi The Mosque of Kairouan of the most popular features of this ancient city, the city of "Eye of dirhams," which is located in the north-west of Tunisia, near the border of Algeria, the city with the climate and architecture of Europe, the city of "baths" which is famous coastline wonderful extended and sand soft and other beautiful landscapes of parks scattered, and tourist resorts along the beaches and one of the largest resorts in Tunisia, as characterized souks of old, the city of "whispers" This is the historic city by the Phoenicians, which left many of the effects, one of the important tourist cities in Tunisia, and the City "Bizerte", which is located on the northern coast of Tunis and Bizerte is characterized by abundant production of fish and cheap prices in addition to their markets and orchards.

Famous for Tunisia with many festivals and cultural events which are held by them: Festival of Carthage Film Festival, the Carthage Theatre and regulate trading with the Carthage Film Festival, the International Carthage Festival of music, theater, dance, film, jazz festival of Tabarka, a festival of the failures of the arts and folk customs, Festival of Fine Arts Bamahrs, a festival of world music, and many other cultural festivals and other technical.

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